Under the Microscope
Parasites. They can invade the blood, the digestive tract, even the bile duct. They enter through the mouth, through the skin, through the nose. They can cause disease, blindness and sometimes death.Full body shudders, right? But as disgusting as parasites are, they're also elegant examples of evolution. The following images reveal these dangerous organisms in microscopic detail.
'>A tick-borne bacteria
Pictures Of Common Human Parasites
The dreaded tapeworm
Diarrheal disease
Invading the blood
Sheep liver fluke
Spread through snails
Hello, hookworms
Hookworms: A good reason not to go barefoot in the summer, at least not when walking through a freshly fertilized field. These nematodes spread when an infected person defecates outside; the worm eggs hatch in the soil and then develop into larvae capable of burrowing into bare skin. According to the CDC, hookworm used to be widespread in the United States, but improved hygiene has greatly reduced infections.Many people carry hookworms in their intestines without symptoms, but the parasites can cause gastrointestinal distress and sometimes anemia.
'>Guinea worms
Among the most spine-tingling parasites is the Guinea worm, a nematode that doesn't have the decency to even stay inside its host. Guinea worms spread when humans ingest untreated water. They hatch in the digestive system and migrate and reproduce inside the body. The female then journeys to the muscle and skin and makes her escape, trying to emerge through a blister over excruciating weeks.To extract the worm more swiftly, doctors often try to wrap it around a stick, slowly winding it out of the wound over several days. Because female guinea worms can grow up to 31 inches in length (80 centimeters), this is a slow, disgusting and painful process.
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'>Botfly larva
Here's something you don't want to see squirming under your skin. This is the larva of the Cuterebra botfly, a parasitic fly. This particular larva infects rodents and rabbits, but a closely related parasite, Dermatobia hominis, targets humans.Adult female flies spread their eggs to humans in a surprising way: They snag a mosquito or tick and lay their eggs on the unsuspecting vector's body. When the insect goes on to bite a person, the eggs or hatched larvae drop off and enter the skin, where they develop for a couple of months before emerging to complete their life cycle as free-living organisms. During the larval stage, the maggots are often visible as small bumps and must be surgically removed from the skin.
'>River blindness
Welcome to parasitesinhumans.org. This website is all about parasitic infections caused by worms, microscopicprotozoa and skin parasites. The worms category is divided into roundworms, flukes and tapeworms. You can find theparasites on the right navigational menu.
Each parasite species has two pages. The first of the two contains basic information such as: life cycle,symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. The second page has pictures and videos. If you do not have any specificparasite in mind, then start by reading below some basic information about parasitic diseases.
Internal parasites and their waste products can reduce food absorbtion by causing inflammation of the intestinalwall. Food might also get stuck resulting in excessive toxins, smelly farts, bad breath and bloating. If organssuch as liver and kidneys cannot get rid of the toxins, then poisons might get out through skin causing skinproblems and hair loss. Damaged nervous system and stress hormones give origin to insomnia. Some bloodsucking wormsleave open wounds resulting in darker feces. The loss of blood can cause iron deficiency, anemia and dizziness.Other symptoms caused by parasitic infections include (but are not limited to):
- anorexia (loss of appetite)
- chills
- cough
- diarrhea
- dysuria (urinating problems or pain)
- fatigue
- fever
- headache
- hematochezia (bloody feces)
- hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
- immunodeficiency
- itching
- jaundice (yellowish eye whites and skin)
- joint pain
- memory loss
- muscle pain and spasms
- nausea or vomiting
- rash
- rectal hemorrhage (bleeding rectum)
- rectal prolapse (rectum coming out, when pushing hard)
- shortness of breath
- stomach pain
- swelling
- sweating and grinding teeth while sleeping.
Natural water (when camping) should always be purified with water purifiers and filtering systems beforedrinking. Always wash and peel fruits carefully. If there are any splits or flaws, get rid of the bad parts.Extreme temperatures kill parasites and their eggs. Sushi and other raw foods should be put in the freezer for afew days before eating. Salting might also help because it dries the parasite's body. Educate yourself about commonparasites in your area. Avoid known parasite carriers such as mosquitoes. If you visit tropical countries, prepareantiparasitic medication beforehand.
Diagnosis depends on the symptoms. Intestinal worms can be searched from a stool sample. If the feces onlycontain microscopic parasite eggs, confirmation can be difficult. Many parasites also have very similar eggs makingit hard for your doctor to distinguish. Worms in other parts of the body can be examined with Magnetic ResonanceImaging (MRI) scans and X-rays. Protozoan parasites are usually identified either from a blood or a stoolsample.
Infected body is filled with poisons and harmful stress hormones. Exercising is a good way to keep blood andlymphatic fluids flowing. White blood cells also travel to infection areas quicker. Faster metabolism helps to getrid of toxins. Sweating and urinating are quick ways to excrete poisons. Diarrhea can be compensated by drinkingenough. Vegetables and other healthy foods contain vitamins and fiber. Vitamins protect cells and fiber sweeps thegastrointestinal tract clean. Garlic, black walnut hull, cloves and wormwood are natural herbs damaging parasitesand their eggs. Treatment is usually accomplished with drugs such as Metronidazole (Flagyl), nitazoxanide (Alinia),Mebendazole (Vermox) and thiabendazole (Mintezol).
Parasites are organisms that live in and feed off a living host. There are a variety of parasitic worms that can take up residence in humans. Among them are flatworms, thorny-headed worms, and roundworms.
The risk of parasitic infection is higher in rural or developing regions. The risk is great in places where food and drinking water may be contaminated and sanitation is poor.
Read on to learn more about parasitic worms, plus how to avoid becoming an unwitting host.
When it comes to parasitic infection, flatworms and roundworms are likely culprits. These two types of parasitic worms can be found in a variety of habitats. They aren’t always visible to the naked eye.
Tapeworm
You can get a tapeworm, which is a type of flatworm, by drinking water contaminated with tapeworm eggs or larvae. Raw or undercooked meat is another way tapeworms can find their way into people.
Tapeworms embed their heads into the intestinal wall and remain there. From there, certain types of tapeworms can produce eggs that mature into larvae that migrate to other parts of the body.
A tapeworm looks like a long, white ribbon. They can grow up to 80 feet long and live in a human for up to 30 years.
Flukes
Flukes are a type of flatworm. People are less likely than animals to contract flukes. Raw watercress and other freshwater plants are the main sources of flukes in humans. You can also get them when you drink contaminated water.
They make their home in your intestines, blood, or tissues. There are many varieties of flukes. None reach more than
Hookworms
Hookworms are transmitted through feces and contaminated soil. The most common way to make contact with this type of roundworm is to walk barefoot on soil infested with hookworm larvae. They can pierce through the skin.
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Hookworms live in the small intestine, where they attach themselves to the intestinal wall with a “hook.” They’re usually
Pinworms (threadworms)
Pinworms are tiny, fairly harmless worms. They’re more common in children. These roundworms, when fully matured, live in the colon and rectum. The female lays eggs around the anus, usually during the night.
The eggs can survive on bedding, clothing, and other materials. People contract them when they touch the eggs and end up putting them in their mouths. The eggs are so small you can even breathe them in if they become airborne. They’re easily passed among children and caregivers or in institutions.
Although pinworm infections are usually harmless and easily treatable, there have been less common cases of pinworms in the appendix that, when present, are usually in children and rarely in adults. One journal article found pinworms to be a rare cause of acute appendicitis.
Another journal article noted that pinworms in the tissues of a surgically removed appendix are an infrequent finding, and researchers also state that parasite infections only rarely cause acute appendicitis.
However, these articles note that the symptoms of an intestinal parasite infection may mimic symptoms one would see in acute appendicitis, although appendicitis may or may not actually be occurring.
Trichinosis worms
Trichinosis roundworms are passed among animals. The most common way humans get trichinosis is by eating undercooked meat that contains the larvae. The larvae mature in your intestines. As they reproduce, those larvae can travel outside the intestines into muscle and other tissue.
It may be hard to believe, but you don’t always know when you have an uninvited guest inside you. You may not have any symptoms, or they may be quite mild.
The symptoms you could have include:
- nausea
- lack of appetite
- diarrhea
- abdominal pain
- weight loss
- general weakness
In addition, tapeworms can cause:
- lumps or bumps
- allergic reaction
- fever
- neurological problems such as seizures
It may take weeks or months to notice additional symptoms of fluke infection. These may include:
- fever
- fatigue
Additional symptoms of hookworms include:
- itchy rash
- anemia
- fatigue
As trichinosis worms travel through the bloodstream and enter other tissue or muscles, they can cause:
- fever
- swelling of the face
- muscle pain and tenderness
- headache
- light sensitivity
- conjunctivitis
If you’re experiencing any unusual symptoms, especially if you’re returning from a trip to another country, consult your doctor. They’ll work with you to determine the cause of your symptoms.
Diagnostic tests will be necessary to identify the culprit:
- A fecal test involves checking a stool sample for parasites, larvae, or eggs.
- A colonoscopy can be useful when stool samples turn up no evidence of parasites as a cause of diarrhea. They may also help eliminate other causes for your symptoms.
- A blood test can be used to detect some types of parasites in the blood.
- Imaging tests like MRI, CT scan, or X-rays can be used to detect organ injury caused by parasites.
- A tape test involves placing clear tape around the anus. The tape can be examined under a microscope for the presence of pinworms or their eggs. But even with the naked eye, sometimes you may be able to see evidence of pinworms around a child’s anus
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The main treatment is prescription antiparasitic medication. This family of drugs can kill parasites and help pass them through your system.
The antiparasitic medication you’ll receive, doses schedule, and duration of treatment will depend on the type of parasite infection you have. Don’t stop taking the medication in the middle of the course, even if you feel better.
In very severe cases in which parasites have invaded other parts of the body, additional treatments like surgery and other medications to address additional problems caused by the parasites may be necessary.
Ask your doctor if you should follow a special diet or take nutritional supplements during this time. Follow up with your doctor as advised.
Most people respond well to treatment and feel better within a few weeks. A full recovery can be expected in most cases.
It may take longer to recover if you have:
- a severe case
- compromised immune system
- a coexisting health condition
The following tips can often help prevent parasitic worm infection:
- Never eat raw or undercooked meat, fish, or poultry.
- Avoid cross-contamination during food prep by keeping meat separate from other foods.
- Disinfect all cutting boards, utensils, and countertops that touched raw meat.
- Don’t eat watercress or other freshwater plants raw.
- Don’t walk barefoot in places where soil may be contaminated by feces.
- Clean up animal waste.
Also be sure to give your hands a good scrubbing with soap and water at these times:
- before eating
- before food prep
- after touching raw meat
- after using the toilet
- after changing a diaper or caring for someone who’s sick
- after touching an animal or animal waste
It’s more difficult to prevent parasitic worm infection when you’re traveling to foreign countries, especially in regions where sanitation is a problem. That’s when you should be extra vigilant.
When traveling, be sure to:
- Be aware of how your food is prepared.
- Drink only bottled water.
- Carry hand sanitizer. Soap and water is best, but if you don’t have access to soap and running water, it can help prevent parasitic worm infection.